46 links, checked by hand
Resources
Everything worth reading on agentic commerce, grouped by the layer it belongs to. Specs and primary sources first; commentary only where it explains something the spec does not.
Checkout protocols
How an agent turns a basket into an order. Two open specs dominate: ACP, from Stripe, OpenAI and Meta, and UCP, from Google and Shopify.
Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP)
Stripe · OpenAI · MetaThe ACP specification site: checkout sessions, carts, feeds and delegated payment between an agent and a merchant.
www.agenticcommerce.dev/
ACP specification repo
GitHubOpenAPI documents, JSON Schema and markdown RFCs, versioned by date. Apache-2.0.
github.com/agentic-commerce-protocol/agentic-commerce-protocol
Stripe's ACP documentation
StripeStripe's implementation guide — agentic checkout, cart and feed, delegated payment and authentication, orders and webhooks — and the page that names Stripe, OpenAI and Meta as ACP's authors.
docs.stripe.com/agentic-commerce/acp
Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP)
Google · ShopifyOpen protocol for agent commerce covering catalog, cart, checkout and order lifecycle. Apache-2.0.
ucp.dev/
UCP specification repo
GitHubThe UCP spec and docs, with SDKs and a conformance suite.
github.com/Universal-Commerce-Protocol/ucp
Shopify's agent documentation
ShopifyShopify's agent surface built on UCP: global and storefront catalogs, universal cart, cart and checkout MCP servers, order webhooks.
shopify.dev/docs/agents
OpenAI commerce documentation
OpenAIMerchant-facing guides and specs for selling inside ChatGPT: product feeds, agentic checkout, delegated payment, promotions.
developers.openai.com/commerce
Building UCP
Shopify EngineeringShopify's engineering write-up of why UCP exists and how it is put together.
shopify.engineering/UCP
Payment rails
Moving money when the buyer is software: mandates that prove a human agreed, tokens scoped to one cart, and settlement that fits in an HTTP request.
Agent Payments Protocol (AP2)
GoogleSpecification for agent-initiated payments built on signed mandates: intent, cart and payment, for human-present and autonomous flows.
ap2-protocol.org/
AP2 reference implementation
GitHubPython SDK, samples and a web client for the AP2 mandate flow. Apache-2.0.
github.com/google-agentic-commerce/AP2
AP2 announcement
Google CloudThe launch post, with the reasoning behind mandates and the list of launch partners.
cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol
x402
x402 FoundationAn HTTP-native payment standard that revives 402 Payment Required: a server answers with terms, the client pays and retries.
x402.org/
x402 documentation
x402 FoundationHow the scheme works end to end, with client and server implementations.
docs.x402.org/introduction
x402 repo
GitHubThe main implementation, now under the foundation. TypeScript.
github.com/x402-foundation/x402
Stripe for agents
StripeStripe's agent documentation: an MCP server, agent plugins and skills, and how to accept payments from agents.
docs.stripe.com/agents
Stripe and OpenAI: Instant Checkout
StripeThe launch announcement, and the clearest description of shared payment tokens scoped to a merchant and cart total.
stripe.com/newsroom/news/stripe-openai-instant-checkout
Visa Intelligent Commerce
VisaVisa's programme for agent-bound tokenized credentials, with controls and signals for merchants.
www.visa.com/en-us/solutions/intelligent-commerce
Visa Intelligent Commerce for developers
Visa DeveloperThe developer view: tokenization, authentication, payment instructions and signals, with a sandbox.
developer.visa.com/capabilities/visa-intelligent-commerce
PayPal Agent Ready
PayPalPayPal's merchant documentation for accepting payments initiated by an assistant.
developer.paypal.com/agent-ready/overview
PayPal agentic commerce services
PayPalPayPal's wider agentic service set for merchants and platforms.
developer.paypal.com/agentic-commerce-services/about
Agent plumbing
The transports commerce specs are built on. Neither MCP nor A2A is a commerce protocol; both are how the commerce calls travel.
Model Context Protocol
Anthropic · communityThe protocol for giving a model tools and data. Commerce reaches it through other specs: ACP defines an MCP binding, UCP an MCP transport.
modelcontextprotocol.io
MCP specification
MCPThe current dated specification. There is no official commerce or payments extension.
modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28
MCP extensions
MCPThe official extension index: apps, authorization, tasks and skills.
modelcontextprotocol.io/extensions/overview
Agent2Agent (A2A)
Linux FoundationOpen standard for agents talking to other agents, donated by Google to the Linux Foundation.
a2a-protocol.org/latest/
a2a-x402
GitHubThe x402 payment extension for A2A: one agent pays another for a service, on chain.
github.com/google-agentic-commerce/a2a-x402
Discovery and structured data
Before anything can be bought it has to be found and understood. These are the formats that make a catalogue legible without a browser.
schema.org/Product
schema.orgThe vocabulary behind product markup: price, availability, identifiers. Old, boring, and what most crawlers already read.
schema.org/Product
llms.txt
llmstxt.orgA convention for a short markdown brief at a fixed path, aimed at models rather than crawlers.
llmstxt.org/
NLWeb
GitHubTurns a site into a conversational endpoint that is also an MCP server, answering in schema.org JSON. Moved from the microsoft org.
github.com/nlweb-ai/NLWeb
Shopify catalog for agents
ShopifyA worked example of a catalogue built for machine buyers, including a per-merchant catalog MCP server.
shopify.dev/docs/agents/catalog
Under the hood: UCP
Google DevelopersHow UCP models catalogues, carts and orders, from the people who built it.
developers.googleblog.com/under-the-hood-universal-commerce-protocol-ucp/
Identity, trust and bot auth
A merchant needs to know which agent is calling and whether a human really authorised it. This is the least settled layer, and the most interesting.
Web Bot Auth
CloudflareSigned HTTP requests that identify an automated client with a key directory, built on RFC 9421 message signatures.
developers.cloudflare.com/bots/reference/bot-verification/web-bot-auth/
IETF Web Bot Auth working group
IETFThe active IETF group standardising this, with a charter that explicitly covers agents acting for users.
datatracker.ietf.org/wg/webbotauth/about/
Web bot auth architecture draft
IETFThe architecture draft: how a bot proves its identity with HTTP message signatures.
datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-meunier-web-bot-auth-architecture/
HTTP Agent Profile draft
IETFAuthenticated agent traffic plus value exchange over HTTP 402 with pluggable micropayments. The closest thing to an IETF agent-payments draft.
datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-dhir-http-agent-profile/
Trusted Agent Protocol
VisaVisa's open spec for a merchant to verify an agent's identity and the mandate it is acting under.
github.com/visa/trusted-agent-protocol
Signed agents
CloudflareWhy cryptographic identity beats user-agent strings and IP allowlists for agent traffic.
blog.cloudflare.com/signed-agents/
Pay per crawl
CloudflareCharging automated clients per request at the edge, again using 402.
developers.cloudflare.com/ai-crawl-control/features/pay-per-crawl/
Research
The security work is ahead of the marketing. These papers formalise the protocols and find holes in them.
A Formal Analysis of Agent Payment Protocols
arXivModels x402, MPP, ACP and AP2 in Tamarin across 86 verification cases, reporting 40 previously undocumented findings. August 2026.
arxiv.org/abs/2609.00060
Free-Riding the Agentic Web: security analysis of x402
arXivFour classes of flaw in deployed x402 integrations that allow resource theft, with mitigations. May 2026.
arxiv.org/abs/2605.30998
Protocol-Level Attacks on Agentic Commerce Platforms
arXivA taxonomy of 33 structural protocol vulnerabilities, including payment-hijacking chains, plus a benchmark. July 2026.
arxiv.org/abs/2607.21824
Agentic Settlement Protocol
arXivAn application profile for refundable, delayed-fulfilment purchases using authorize-and-capture escrow. September 2026.
arxiv.org/abs/2609.02208
Companies and tools
Infrastructure being sold into this space. Positioning here changes quickly, so each note describes what the site actually says today.
Crossmint
Wallets and stablecoin infrastructure with agent-funded wallets, virtual cards and a purchase API.
www.crossmint.com/
Skyfire
Identity and wallet stack for agents: know-your-agent tokens, mandates, and a checkout product.
skyfire.xyz/
Nekuda
Merchant tooling for exposing agent-callable actions on a site, with analytics on how agents use them.
nekuda.ai/
Stripe agent tooling
GitHubStripe's AI SDK, token metering, MCP server and agent skills. Moved from stripe/agent-toolkit.
github.com/stripe/ai
Awesome agentic commerce
GitHubA community index of protocols and implementations, useful for spotting what is new.
github.com/xpaysh/awesome-agentic-commerce
How to read all this
- 1. Can an agent find and understand the product? — schema.org, product feeds, llms.txt, NLWeb, MCP servers
- 2. Can it get a firm price and place the order? — ACP, UCP, merchant APIs, OpenAPI
- 3. Can money move, with limits? — AP2, x402, shared payment tokens, 402
- 4. Does the merchant know who is calling, and on whose behalf? — Web Bot Auth, HTTP signatures, mandates, receipts